Taxonomic implications of geographical variation in Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in mainland Southeast Asia

Saveng Ith; Sara Bumrungsri; Neil M Furey; Paul JJ Bates; Monwadee Wonglapsuwan; Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan; Vu Dinh Thong; Pipat Soisook; Chutamas Satasook; Nikky M Thomas

doi:10.1186/s40555-015-0109-8

Zoological Studies

Table 3 Morphometric comparison between recognized forms within mainland Southeast Asia

From: Taxonomic implications of geographical variation in Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in mainland Southeast Asia

n	Sex	FA	HB	TL	EL	TIB	HF	2MT	3MT	4MT	5MT	3D1P
Rhinolophus a. tener Holotype
1	♂♂	49.3	--	23.00^a	18.85	23.85	11.51	--	37.04	38.02	39.33	14.77
Rhinolophus a. macrurus Holotype
1	♂♂	53.03	--	--	--	24.76	11.60	--	40.94	41.86	42.82	16.67
R. a. macrurus-form A
9	♀♂	47.8 ± 1.4	53.8 ± 1.8	23.0 ± 1.7	21.2 ± 1.6	21.9 ± 1.0	9.7 ± 0.5	39.3 ± 0.7	37.0 ± 1.0	37.7 ± 1.0	38.0 ± 1.1	14.1 ± 0.4
9	♀♂	45.7 to 50.0	51.3 to 7.1	20.4 to 25.1	18.4 to 23.3	19.4 to 22.9	8.8 to 10.7	38.3 to 40.9	35.5 to 39.0	36.4 to 39.6	36.6 to 40.2	13.4 to 14.7
R. a. macrurus-form B
14	♀♂	52.6 ± 0.8	49.7 ± 1.9	24.0 ± 1.5	20.3 ± 1.0	23.2 ± 0.6	10.4 ± 0.2	42.4 ± 0.8	40.5 ± 1.0	41.6 ± 1.0	42.4 ± 0.6	15.0 ± 0.4
14	♀♂	50.6 to 54.2	45.7 to 52.3	22.0 to 27.7	18.4 to 21.9	21.7 to 23.8	10.0 to 11.0	41.0 to 44.3	39.3 to 43.7	40.3 to 44.3	41.5 to 43.3	14.3 to 15.9
R. a. macrurus-form C
60	♀♂	52.2 ± 1.4	52.2 ± 2.6	25.8 ± 2.2	22.4 ± 1.3	24.9 ± 0.8	10.4 ± 0.5	42.5 ± 1.4	40.0 ± 1.3	41.2 ± 1.2	41.8 ± 1.2	15.6 ± 0.6
60	♀♂	48.3 to 55.9	42.7 to 59.1	20.3 to 30.7	19.7 to 25.8	22.5 to 27.2	9.0 to 11.6	38.6 to 46.1	36.2 to 43.0	37.9 to 44.3	38.9 to 44.8	14.3 to 17.8
R. a. macrurus-form C-central Vietnam
18	♀♂	50.6 ± 1.1	52.5 ± 2.7	23.7 ± 3.2	21.2 ± 0.9	23.6 ± 0.8	10.5 ± 0.2	41.5 ± 0.9(17)	38.9 ± 1.0(17)	40.1 ± 0.9(17)	41.0 ± 1.0(17)	15.2 ± 0.6(17)
18	♀♂	49.0 to 53.2	48.2 to 57.5	17.5 to 27.5	19.0 to 22.7	21.7 to 25.0	10.1 to 11.0	39.9 to 43.2	37.3 to 41.1	38.4 to 41.9	39.4 to 43.4	14.1 to 16.1
Rhinolophus a. superans Holotype
1	♀♀	50.97	--	--	20.36	25.35	11.66	--	39.52	40.67	41.45	15.10
R. a. superans-Thai Peninsula
66	♀♀	50.6 ± 1.2	51.9 ± 2.4	22.1 ± 1.6	21.6 ± 1.1	24.2 ± 0.8	10.5 ± 0.5	40.9 ± 1.1	38.4 ± 1.0	39.4 ± 1.0	40.0 ± 1.0	14.9 ± 0.6
66	♀♀	48.3 to 52.9	46.9 to 57.8	18.8 to 25.8	18.4 to 24.4	22.4 to 26.4	8.5 to 11.6	38.5 to 44.0	35.7 to 40.3	37.1 to 42.0	38.1 to 42.3	13.7 to 16.5
n	Sex	3D2P	4D1P	4D2P	5D1P	5D2P	GHN	GWN
Rhinolophus a. tener Holotype
1	♂♂	25.32	--	--	--	--	13.8^a	9.50^a
Rhinolophus a. macrurus Holotype
1	♂♂	26.69	--	--	--	--	--	--
R. a. macrurus-form A
9	♀♂	24.6 ± 0.87	10.0 ± .1	14.4 ± 0.6	11.4 ± 0.4	13.4 ± 0.5	13.6 ± 0.7	10.0 ± 0.2
9	♀♂	23.7 to 26.2	9.8 to 10.4	13.0 to 15.0	10.8 to 12.0	12.6 to 14.4	12.7 to 14.7	9.8 to 10.5
R. a. macrurus-form B
14	♀♂	28.1 ± 1.0	10.3 ± 0.4	17.2 ± .3	12.6 ± 0.4	14.0 ± .3	12.6 ± 0.8(13)	8.2 ± 0.4
14	♀♂	26.5 to 29.8	9.8 to 11.3	16.7 to 18.0	12.0 to 13.4	13.5 to 14.5	11.0 to 13.8	7.5 to 9.0
R. a. macrurus-form C
60	♀♂	26.7 ± 1.1	10.7 ± 0.5	16.1 ± 0.8	12.2 ± 0.5	14.7 ± 0.8	13.8 ± 0.8	9.7 ± 0.5
60	♀♂	23.5 to 29.0	9.5 to 12.1	13.8 to 17.8	10.5 to 13.8	12.7 to 16.3	11.8 to 16.1	8.3 to 11.2
R. a. macrurus-form C-central Vietnam
17	♀♂	27.3 ± 1.0	10.5 ± 0.6	16.4 ± 0.6	12.2 ± 0.5	14.5 ± 0.83	13.5 ± 0.9(18)	9.0 ± 0.3
17	♀♂	25.1 to 30.0	9.7 to 11.90	15.5 to 17.6	11.5 to 13.1	13.1 to 15.8	12.0 to 15.0	8.2 to 9.7
Rhinolophus a. superans Holotype
1	♀♀	25.38	--	--	--	--	--	--
R. a. superans-Thai Peninsula
66	♀♂	25.7 ± 0.8	10.3 ± 0.5	14.9 ± 0.8	11.5 ± 0.5	13.1 ± 0.7	14.0 ± 0.9	10.0 ± 0.5(63)
66	♀♂	23.8 to 27.7	9.2 to 11.5	11.2 to 16.3	10.6 to 12.6	9.6 to 14.6	10.4 to 15.9	8.7 to 11.0
n	Sex	SL	CCL	ZYW	MAW	BW	BW1	ALSW	AMSW	IOW
Rhinolophus a. tener Holotype
1	♂♂	21.34	18.80	10.64	--	--	8.83	5.56	3.72	--
Rhinolophus a. macrurus Holotype
1	♂♂	22.91	20.11	11.38	10.78	--	9.44	5.60	3.71	--
R. a. macrurus-form A
9	♀♂	22.11 ± 0.44	19.40 ± 0.42	11.05 ± 0.25	10.30 ± 0.16	9.99 ± 0.20	9.40 ± 0.06	5.94 ± 0.17	4.10 ± 0.19	2.18 ± 0.11
9	♀♂	21.13 to 22.53	18.46 to 19.75	10.69 to 11.51	10.04 to 10.55	9.77 to 10.38	9.27 to 9.49	5.72 to 6.20	3.90 to 4.45	1.95 to 2.32
R. a. macrurus-form B
8	♀♂	21.77 ± .21	19.07 ± 0.19	10.71 ± 0.24	10.14 ± 0.14	9.77 ± 0.12	9.18 ± 0.15	5.44 ± 0.11	3.78 ± 0.15	2.00 ± 0.19
8	♀♂	21.52 to 22.08	18.85 to 19.37	10.38 to 11.14	9.97 to 10.36	9.54 to 9.95	9.01 to 9.42	5.31 to 5.66	3.63 to 4.06	1.83 to 2.42
R. a. macrurus-form C
60	♀♂	22.64 ± 0.38	19.94 ± 0.37	11.08 ± 0.20	10.47 ± 0.20	10.06 ± 0.16	9.41 ± 0.20	6.01 ± 0.16	4.17 ± 0.18	2.08 ± 0.17
60	♀♂	21.47 to 23.40	18.78 to 20.64	10.53 to 11.49	9.81 to 11.15	9.54 to 10.57	9.00 to 9.85	5.63 to 6.35	3.70 to 4.72	1.70 to 2.50
R. a. macrurus-form C-central Vietnam
19	♀♂	22.02 ± 0.21(17)	19.34 ± 0.20(17)	11.03 ± 0.15	10.38 ± 0.15	10.03 ± 0.10	9.49 ± 0.13	5.81 ± 0.12	4.07 ± 0.10	2.20 ± 0.14
19	♀♂	21.61 to 22.35	18.96 to 19.78	10.78 to 11.34	10.15 to 10.64	9.81 to 10.28	9.12 to 9.73	5.59 to 6.05	3.93 to 4.31	1.94 to 2.49
Rhinolophus a. superans Holotype
1	♀♀	22.38	19.65	11.32	10.84	--	9.41	5.60	3.71	--
R. a. superans-Thai Peninsula
66	♀♂	22.51 ± 0.40	19.87 ± 0.37	11.37 ± 0.22	10.76 ± 0.18(65)	10.32 ± 0.20	9.77 ± 0.20	6.15 ± 0.19	4.26 ± 0.21	2.35 ± 0.17
66	♀♂	21.59 to 23.27	19.08 to 20.78	10.84 to 11.91	10.39 to 11.16	9.80 to 10.67	9.27 to 10.14	5.82 to 6.72	3.76 to 4.67	2.00 to 2.81
n	Sex	PB	CM³L	C¹C¹W	M³M³W	ML	CM₃L	CPH
Rhinolophus a. tener Holotype
1	♂♂	2.22	8.52	5.51	8.26	15.04	9.00	--
Rhinolophus a. macrurus Holotype
1	♂♂	2.42	9.01	5.77	8.76	15.92	9.67	--
R. a. macrurus-form A
9	♀♂	2.09 ± 0.11	8.91 ± 0.20	5.74 ± 0.37	8.36 ± .28	15.40 ± 0.35	9.3 ± 0.23	3.06 ± .09
9	♀♂	1.94 to 2.28	8.60 to 9.20	5.27 to 6.35	7.90 to 8.74	14.81 to 15.95	8.94 to 9.65	2.95 to 3.21
R. a. macrurus-form B
8	♀♂	1.89 ± 0.15	8.46 ± 0.15	5.56 ± 0.19	7.78 ± 0.18	14.71 ± 0.12	8.80 ± 0.18	2.93 ± 0.06
8	♀♂	1.70 to 2.20	8.20 to 8.69	5.26 to 5.84	7.56 to 8.03	14.57 to 14.90	8.53 to 9.06	2.83 to 3.06
R. a. macrurus-form C
60	♀♂	2.17 ± 0.15	8.87 ± 0.19	5.79 ± 0.18	8.06 ± 0.15	15.5 ± 0.23	9.27 ± 0.19	3.12 ± 0.15
60	♀♂	1.89 to 2.67	8.39 to 9.22	5.22 to 6.13	7.73 to 8.48	14.80 to 15.94	8.75 to 9.67	2.52 to 3.42
R. a. macrurus-form C-central Vietnam
19	♀♂	2.04 ± 0.18	8.67 ± 0.11	5.74 ± 0.18	8.05 ± 0.14	15.10 ± 0.18	9.08 ± 0.11	3.03 ± 0.11(18)
19	♀♂	1.63 to 2.52	8.45 to 8.87	5.21 to 5.99	7.77 to 8.33	14.70 to 15.50	8.87 to 9.31	2.83 to 3.29
Rhinolophus a. superans Holotype
1	♀♀	2.63	8.63	5.66	8.46	15.52	--	--
R. a. superans-Thai Peninsula
66	♀♂	2.22 ± 0.13	8.99 ± 0.19	5.78 ± 0.17(65)	8.34 ± 0.18(65)	15.51 ± 0.30(65)	9.41 ± 0.20	3.18 ± 0.14
66	♀♂	1.89 to 2.61	8.48 to 9.38	5.23 to 6.20	7.92 to 8.86	14.79 to 16.07	9.03 to 9.82	2.87 to 3.63

External and craniodental measurements are in mm; FA - forearm length; HB - head and body length; TL - tail length; EL - ear length; TIB - tibia length; HF - hind foot length; 2MT, 3MT, 4MT, 5MT - second, third, fourth, and fifth metacarpal lengths; 3D1P, 3DP2P, 4D1P, 4D2P, 5D1P, 5D2P - first and second phalanges of third, fourth, and fifth digits; GHN - great high of nose leaf; GWN - great width of nose leaf; SL - skull length; CCL - condyle-canine length; ZYW - zygomatic width; BW - braincase width; BW1 - braincase width; MAW - mastoid width; ALSW - anterior lateral swellings width; AMSW - anterior median swellings width; IOW - inter-orbital width; PB - palatal bridge; CM³L - upper tooth row length; C¹C¹W -anterior palatal width; M³M³W - posterior palatal width, ML - mandible length; CM₃L - lower tooth row length; CPH - least height of the coronoid process. Data are displayed in mean ± standard deviation and range. Sample size is placed in parentheses when different to n. ^a Values based on literature.

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