Diversity and density of butterfly communities in urban green areas: an analytical approach using GIS

Zoological Studies

Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficient between butterfly index and land use category within the range of 3 km from study route of five study sites

Community index	Paddy	Field	Park and green space	Forest	Urban area	Road	River and pond
Species richness
All species	0.98**	0.98**	0.02	0.98**	−0.97**	−0.97**	−0.45
Habitat type
Forest interior species	0.99**	0.99**	0.07	0.99**	−0.99**	−0.93*	−0.37
Forest edge species	0.72	0.72	−0.43	0.72	−0.69	−0.79	−0.51
Grassland species	−0.79	−0.79	0.40	−0.74	0.75	0.65	0.25
Niche breadth
Specialist species	1.00***	1.00***	0.17	1.00***	−1.00***	−0.96*	−0.42
Intermediate species	0.97**	0.97**	0.02	0.97**	−0.96*	−0.97**	−0.57
Generalist species	−0.15	−0.14	−0.66	−0.14	0.17	−0.03	0.02
Density
All species	0.42	0.43	−0.32	0.47	−0.40	−0.61	−0.76
Habitat type
Forest interior species	1.00***	1.00***	0.14	0.99**	−1.00***	−0.95*	−0.41
Forest edge species	−0.18	−0.17	−0.97**	−0.21	0.24	0.17	−0.28
Grassland species	−0.56	−0.56	−0.14	−0.50	0.56	0.31	−0.27
Niche breadth
Specialist species	1.00***	1.00***	0.13	0.99**	−0.99**	−0.95*	−0.41
Intermediate species	−0.39	−0.39	−0.13	−0.32	0.39	0.12	−0.36
Generalist species	−0.66	−0.66	−0.71	−0.66	0.70	0.57	−0.18