Diversity and density of butterfly communities in urban green areas: an analytical approach using GIS

Cheol Min Lee; Jin Wook Park; Tae-Sung Kwon; Sung-Soo Kim; Jae Won Ryu; Seung Jae Jung; Sun Kyung Lee

doi:10.1186/s40555-014-0090-7

Zoological Studies

Table 1 Butterflies observed at five study sites

From: Diversity and density of butterfly communities in urban green areas: an analytical approach using GIS

Species	NS	EW	BD	HF	GF	Total	%	Habitat type	Niche breadth
Parnassius stubbendorfii					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	GL	S
Luehdorfia puziloi					0.5 (12)	0.09 (12)	0.9	FI	S
Papilio xuthus	0.13 (4)	0.33 (8)	0.21 (5)	0.03 (1)		0.14 (18)	1.4	GL	G
Papilio macilentus				0.07 (2)		0.02 (2)	0.2	FE	G
Papilio bianor	0.13 (4)	0.04 (1)		0.07 (2)	0.13 (3)	0.08 (10)	0.8	FI	G
Papilio maackii					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FI	G
Pieris melete	0.23 (7)	1.04 (25)	0.21 (5)	0.57 (17)	0.88 (21)	0.57 (75)	5.9	FE	G
Pieris canidia	1.90 (57)		1.17 (28)	3.10 (93)	0.25 (6)	1.39 (184)	14.4	FE	G
Pieris rapae	0.83 (25)	0.38 (9)	2.00 (48)	2.20 (66)		1.12 (148)	11.6	GL	G
Anthocharis scolymus	0.17 (5)		0.21 (5)	0.53 (16)	0.08 (2)	0.21 (28)	2.2	FE	I
Colias erate	0.10 (3)	0.21 (5)	0.38 (9)			0.13 (17)	1.3	GL	G
Spindasis takanonis		0.04 (1)				0.01 (1)	0.1	FE	S
Coreana raphaelis					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FI	S
Japonica lutea					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FI	S
Antigius butleri					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FI	S
Wagimo signatus					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FI	S
Favonius orientalis	0.13 (4)			0.10 (3)		0.05 (7)	0.5	FI	S
Favonius taxila					0.13 (3)	0.02 (3)	0.2	FI	S
Satyrium prunoides		0.04 (1)				0.01 (1)	0.1	FE	S
Callophrys ferreus	0.03 (1)			0.03 (1)		0.02 (2)	0.2	FE	I
Rapala caerulea	0.03 (1)		0.13 (3)	0.17 (5)		0.07 (9)	0.7	FE	G
Lycaena dispar		0.04 (1)				0.01 (1)	0.1	GL	I
Lycaena phlaeas		0.08 (2)				0.02 (2)	0.2	GL	I
Zizeeria maha	0.90 (27)	0.67 (16)	7.38 (177)	2.70 (81)		2.28 (301)	23.5	GL	I
Cupido argiades		0.46 (11)	0.04 (1)	0.07 (2)		0.11 (14)	1.1	GL	G
Tongeia fischeri	0.03 (1)		0.25 (6)	0.20 (6)	0.04 (1)	0.11 (14)	1.1	GL	G
Celastrina argiolus	0.23 (7)		1.08 (26)	0.83 (25)	0.08 (2)	0.45 (60)	4.7	FE	G
Libythea lepita	0.07 (2)		0.04 (1)	0.20 (6)	5.17 (124)	1.01 (133)	10.4	FI	S
Parantica sita					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FE	G
Mycalesis francisca					0.25 (6)	0.05 (6)	0.5	FE	G
Mycalesis gotama					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FE	G
Minois dryas			0.17 (4)			0.03 (4)	0.3	GL	I
Argynnis paphia					0.33 (8)	0.06 (8)	0.6	FE	S
Argynnis laodice		0.04 (1)			0.04 (1)	0.02 (2)	0.2	GL	S
Argynnis ruslana	0.27 (8)		0.17 (4)	0.27 (8)	0.46 (11)	0.23 (31)	2.4	GL	S
Neptis sappho			0.04 (1)		0.08 (2)	0.02 (3)	0.2	FE	G
Neptis philyra					0.25 (6)	0.05 (6)	0.5	FI	I
Neptis philyroides					0.17 (4)	0.03 (4)	0.3	FI	I
Neptis speyeri					0.21 (5)	0.04 (5)	0.4	FI	S
Neptis alwina					0.08 (2)	0.02 (2)	0.2	FE	I
Neptis thisbe					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FI	S
Neptis ilos					0.13 (3)	0.02 (3)	0.2	FI	S
Chitoria ulupi					0.88 (21)	0.16 (21)	1.6	FI	S
Dilipa fenestra					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FI	S
Hestina assimilis					0.21 (5)	0.04 (5)	0.4	FI	I
Sasakia charonda					1.92 (46)	0.35 (46)	3.6	FI	S
Sephisa princeps					0.08 (2)	0.02 (2)	0.2	FI	I
Vanessa cardui		0.58 (14)	0.17 (4)			0.14 (18)	1.4	GL	G
Vanessa indica	0.10 (3)	0.13 (3)				0.05 (6)	0.5	GL	G
Polygonia c-aureum	0.03 (1)	1.00 (24)	0.17 (4)	0.03 (1)	0.04 (1)	0.23 (31)	2.4	GL	I
Burara aquilina					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FI	I
Lobocla bifasciata				0.03 (1)		0.01 (1)	0.1	FE	I
Satarupa nymphalis					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	FI	S
Daimio tethys			0.13 (3)			0.02 (3)	0.2	FE	I
Erynnis montanus			0.04 (1)		0.25 (6)	0.05 (7)	0.5	FE	S
Thymelicus leoninus					0.04 (1)	0.01 (1)	0.1	GL	I
Parnara guttata	0.03 (1)		0.29 (7)	0.13 (4)		0.09 (12)	0.9	GL	G
Species richness	18	15	20	19	38	57
Density	5.37 (161)	5.08 (122)	14.25 (342)	11.33 (340)	13.17 (316)	9.70 (1281)

Density indicate abundance per 1 km transect. The numbers in parentheses indicate abundance. See text for classification methods of habitat type and niche breadth. Study sites, NS: Namsan Park, EW: Ewha Womans University, BD: Bukseoul Dream Forest, HF: Hongneung Forest, GF: Gwangneung Forest. Habitat type, GL: grassland species, FE: forest edge species, FI: forest interior species. Niche breadth, S: specialist species, I: intermediate species, G: generalist species.

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