Species
|
NS
|
EW
|
BD
|
HF
|
GF
|
Total
|
%
|
Habitat type
|
Niche breadth
|
---|
Parnassius stubbendorfii
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
GL
|
S
|
Luehdorfia puziloi
| | | | |
0.5 (12)
|
0.09 (12)
|
0.9
|
FI
|
S
|
Papilio xuthus
|
0.13 (4)
|
0.33 (8)
|
0.21 (5)
|
0.03 (1)
| |
0.14 (18)
|
1.4
|
GL
|
G
|
Papilio macilentus
| | | |
0.07 (2)
| |
0.02 (2)
|
0.2
|
FE
|
G
|
Papilio bianor
|
0.13 (4)
|
0.04 (1)
| |
0.07 (2)
|
0.13 (3)
|
0.08 (10)
|
0.8
|
FI
|
G
|
Papilio maackii
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FI
|
G
|
Pieris melete
|
0.23 (7)
|
1.04 (25)
|
0.21 (5)
|
0.57 (17)
|
0.88 (21)
|
0.57 (75)
|
5.9
|
FE
|
G
|
Pieris canidia
|
1.90 (57)
| |
1.17 (28)
|
3.10 (93)
|
0.25 (6)
|
1.39 (184)
|
14.4
|
FE
|
G
|
Pieris rapae
|
0.83 (25)
|
0.38 (9)
|
2.00 (48)
|
2.20 (66)
| |
1.12 (148)
|
11.6
|
GL
|
G
|
Anthocharis scolymus
|
0.17 (5)
| |
0.21 (5)
|
0.53 (16)
|
0.08 (2)
|
0.21 (28)
|
2.2
|
FE
|
I
|
Colias erate
|
0.10 (3)
|
0.21 (5)
|
0.38 (9)
| | |
0.13 (17)
|
1.3
|
GL
|
G
|
Spindasis takanonis
| |
0.04 (1)
| | | |
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FE
|
S
|
Coreana raphaelis
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FI
|
S
|
Japonica lutea
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FI
|
S
|
Antigius butleri
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FI
|
S
|
Wagimo signatus
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FI
|
S
|
Favonius orientalis
|
0.13 (4)
| | |
0.10 (3)
| |
0.05 (7)
|
0.5
|
FI
|
S
|
Favonius taxila
| | | | |
0.13 (3)
|
0.02 (3)
|
0.2
|
FI
|
S
|
Satyrium prunoides
| |
0.04 (1)
| | | |
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FE
|
S
|
Callophrys ferreus
|
0.03 (1)
| | |
0.03 (1)
| |
0.02 (2)
|
0.2
|
FE
|
I
|
Rapala caerulea
|
0.03 (1)
| |
0.13 (3)
|
0.17 (5)
| |
0.07 (9)
|
0.7
|
FE
|
G
|
Lycaena dispar
| |
0.04 (1)
| | | |
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
GL
|
I
|
Lycaena phlaeas
| |
0.08 (2)
| | | |
0.02 (2)
|
0.2
|
GL
|
I
|
Zizeeria maha
|
0.90 (27)
|
0.67 (16)
|
7.38 (177)
|
2.70 (81)
| |
2.28 (301)
|
23.5
|
GL
|
I
|
Cupido argiades
| |
0.46 (11)
|
0.04 (1)
|
0.07 (2)
| |
0.11 (14)
|
1.1
|
GL
|
G
|
Tongeia fischeri
|
0.03 (1)
| |
0.25 (6)
|
0.20 (6)
|
0.04 (1)
|
0.11 (14)
|
1.1
|
GL
|
G
|
Celastrina argiolus
|
0.23 (7)
| |
1.08 (26)
|
0.83 (25)
|
0.08 (2)
|
0.45 (60)
|
4.7
|
FE
|
G
|
Libythea lepita
|
0.07 (2)
| |
0.04 (1)
|
0.20 (6)
|
5.17 (124)
|
1.01 (133)
|
10.4
|
FI
|
S
|
Parantica sita
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FE
|
G
|
Mycalesis francisca
| | | | |
0.25 (6)
|
0.05 (6)
|
0.5
|
FE
|
G
|
Mycalesis gotama
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FE
|
G
|
Minois dryas
| | |
0.17 (4)
| | |
0.03 (4)
|
0.3
|
GL
|
I
|
Argynnis paphia
| | | | |
0.33 (8)
|
0.06 (8)
|
0.6
|
FE
|
S
|
Argynnis laodice
| |
0.04 (1)
| | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.02 (2)
|
0.2
|
GL
|
S
|
Argynnis ruslana
|
0.27 (8)
| |
0.17 (4)
|
0.27 (8)
|
0.46 (11)
|
0.23 (31)
|
2.4
|
GL
|
S
|
Neptis sappho
| | |
0.04 (1)
| |
0.08 (2)
|
0.02 (3)
|
0.2
|
FE
|
G
|
Neptis philyra
| | | | |
0.25 (6)
|
0.05 (6)
|
0.5
|
FI
|
I
|
Neptis philyroides
| | | | |
0.17 (4)
|
0.03 (4)
|
0.3
|
FI
|
I
|
Neptis speyeri
| | | | |
0.21 (5)
|
0.04 (5)
|
0.4
|
FI
|
S
|
Neptis alwina
| | | | |
0.08 (2)
|
0.02 (2)
|
0.2
|
FE
|
I
|
Neptis thisbe
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FI
|
S
|
Neptis ilos
| | | | |
0.13 (3)
|
0.02 (3)
|
0.2
|
FI
|
S
|
Chitoria ulupi
| | | | |
0.88 (21)
|
0.16 (21)
|
1.6
|
FI
|
S
|
Dilipa fenestra
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FI
|
S
|
Hestina assimilis
| | | | |
0.21 (5)
|
0.04 (5)
|
0.4
|
FI
|
I
|
Sasakia charonda
| | | | |
1.92 (46)
|
0.35 (46)
|
3.6
|
FI
|
S
|
Sephisa princeps
| | | | |
0.08 (2)
|
0.02 (2)
|
0.2
|
FI
|
I
|
Vanessa cardui
| |
0.58 (14)
|
0.17 (4)
| | |
0.14 (18)
|
1.4
|
GL
|
G
|
Vanessa indica
|
0.10 (3)
|
0.13 (3)
| | | |
0.05 (6)
|
0.5
|
GL
|
G
|
Polygonia c-aureum
|
0.03 (1)
|
1.00 (24)
|
0.17 (4)
|
0.03 (1)
|
0.04 (1)
|
0.23 (31)
|
2.4
|
GL
|
I
|
Burara aquilina
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FI
|
I
|
Lobocla bifasciata
| | | |
0.03 (1)
| |
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FE
|
I
|
Satarupa nymphalis
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
FI
|
S
|
Daimio tethys
| | |
0.13 (3)
| | |
0.02 (3)
|
0.2
|
FE
|
I
|
Erynnis montanus
| | |
0.04 (1)
| |
0.25 (6)
|
0.05 (7)
|
0.5
|
FE
|
S
|
Thymelicus leoninus
| | | | |
0.04 (1)
|
0.01 (1)
|
0.1
|
GL
|
I
|
Parnara guttata
|
0.03 (1)
| |
0.29 (7)
|
0.13 (4)
| |
0.09 (12)
|
0.9
|
GL
|
G
|
Species richness
|
18
|
15
|
20
|
19
|
38
|
57
| | | |
Density
|
5.37 (161)
|
5.08 (122)
|
14.25 (342)
|
11.33 (340)
|
13.17 (316)
|
9.70 (1281)
| | | |
- Density indicate abundance per 1 km transect. The numbers in parentheses indicate abundance. See text for classification methods of habitat type and niche breadth. Study sites, NS: Namsan Park, EW: Ewha Womans University, BD: Bukseoul Dream Forest, HF: Hongneung Forest, GF: Gwangneung Forest. Habitat type, GL: grassland species, FE: forest edge species, FI: forest interior species. Niche breadth, S: specialist species, I: intermediate species, G: generalist species.