An alternative kernel-based method for estimating copepod growth rates from multimodal biomass distributions in artificial cohort experiments

Zoological Studies

Table 3 Regression coefficients of temperature and body mass in relation to weight-specific growth rate of calanoid morphotype

	a ₀	E	a ₂	r ²	p value	n	MSE of cross-validation
	(growth constant)	(activation energy)	(size coefficient)	r ²	p value	n	MSE of cross-validation
Method 1	3.11 (±11.26)	0.16 (±0.29)	-0.55 (±0.17)	0.12	0.01	72	1.97
Method 2	-2.52 (±9.76)	-0.00 (±0.25)	-0.33 (±0.13)	0.09	0.04	74	1.13
Method 3	15.73 (±11.82)	0.46 (±0.31)	-0.31 (±0.12)	0.14	<0.01	76	0.80
Expected value		0.6 to 0.7	-0.25

The regression coefficients were calculated according to the function ln $g$ = $a$ ₀+ $a$ ₁ $T$ + $a$ . The methods are as follows: (1) average value, (2) mode value, and (3) multiple-peak consideration. Values in parentheses are bootstrap estimates of standard error of coefficients. g, weight-specific growth rate (1/day); M, body mass (μg); T, temperature (K); E, activation energy (eV), E = -a ₁ × k; k, Boltzmann's constant (eV/K); n, sample size; MSE of cross-validation, mean squared error calculated from the 10-fold cross-validation analysis.