An alternative kernel-based method for estimating copepod growth rates from multimodal biomass distributions in artificial cohort experiments

Zoological Studies

Table 2 Regression coefficients of temperature and body mass in relation to the weight-specific growth rate

	a ₀	E	a ₂	r ²	p value	n	MSE of cross-validation
	(growth constant)	(activation energy)	(size coefficient)	r ²	p value	n	MSE of cross-validation
Method 1	13.48 (±7.99)	0.44 (±0.21)	-0.60 (±0.08)	0.20	<0.01	168	0.71
Method 2	11.21 (±8.06)	0.39 (±0.21)	-0.71 (±0.09)	0.28	<0.01	181	0.72
Method 3	14.13 (±6.34)	0.44 (±0.16)	-0.49 (±0.06)	0.26	<0.01	189	0.43
Expected value		0.6 to 0.7	-0.25

The regression coefficients were calculated according to the function ln $g$ = $a$ ₀+ $a$ ₁ $T$ +a. The methods are as follows: (1) average value, (2) mode value, and (3) multiple-peak consideration. Values in parentheses are bootstrap estimates of the standard error of coefficients. g, weight-specific growth rate (1/day); M, body mass (μg); T, temperature (K); E, activation energy (eV), E = -a ₁ × k; k, Boltzmann's constant (eV/K); n, sample size; MSE of cross-validation, mean squared error calculated from the 10-fold cross-validation analysis.