Reproductive activity and advertisement calls of the Asian common toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) from Bach Ma National Park, Vietnam

Zoological Studies

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of call features measured in the advertisement calls of D. melanostictus in three localities

Call property	TL (n= 9)	VS (n= 11)	ND (n= 15)	Total (N= 35)
Call rate (calls/min)	2.10 ± 0.19	2.21 ± 0.18	2.02 ± 0.16	2.10 ± 0.19
Call rate (calls/min)	(1.93-2.45)	(1.91-2.41)	(1.87-2.41)	(1.87-2.45)
Rise time (ms)	238.9 ± 81.2	200.8 ± 98.4	269.9 ± 95.1	240.2 ± 94.9
Rise time (ms)	(90.6-301.6)	(90.6-372.1)	(98.7-471.0)	(90.6-471.0)
Dominant frequency (Hz)	1312.7 ± 13.2	1266.7 ± 20.2	1302.3 ± 15.4	1293.8 ± 23.0
Dominant frequency (Hz)	(1289.8-1321.4)	(1239.9-1287.2)	(1297.8-1308.7)	(1239.9-1321.4)
Call duration (ms)	29,082.8 ± 3357.1	27,710.3 ± 7251.1	24,674.9 ± 5858.6	26,722.2 ± 5909.3
Call duration (ms)	(25,316-34,217)	(17,930-41,220)	(18,990-41,220)	(17,930-41 220)
Frequency modulation (Hz)	162.0 ± 52.1	122.7 ± 49.7	147.1 ± 21.8	143.3 ± 42.4
Frequency modulation (Hz)	(89–231)	(66–184)	(121–218)	(66–231)
Pulse rate (pulses/s)	13.25 ± 3.89	11.46 ± 2.75	10.35 ± 0.72	11.69 ± 2.63
	(10.3-15.7)	(9.8-13.6)	(8.8-12.9)	(8.8-15.7)

Descriptive statistics of call features measured in the advertisement calls of D. melanostictus in three localities of Bach Ma National Park, Vietnam. The mean ± 1 SD and range (minimum ~ maximum) are shown without adjusting for variation in SVL size or air temperature. TL, Truoi Lake; VS, Voi Stream; ND, Nam Dong District; N, number of adult males recorded.